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M -125 / Fialka
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Verlust/Kompromittierung
1967 (Sechs-Tage-Krieg )
M - 125 ( Fialka )
Entwicklungsbeginn : Mitte der vierziger Jahre
Schlüsselsystem : externer Schlüssel; Sclüsselheft
Arten der Chiffrierverkehre : individual oder zirkulare Verkehre
kryptologische Festigkeit : quasi absolut sicher ( bei ordnungsgemäßer Anwendung )
Betriebsart : 50 Baudot
Übertragungsart der Information : Fernschreibkanäle Funkkanäle
M-125 (Fialka)
USSR rotor-based cipher machine

The M-125, codenamed Fialka, was a cipher machine developed by the USSR during the Cold War, shortly after WWII. It was first introduced in the late 1950s and soon became one of the favorite machines of the Warsaw Pact countries. Fialka remained in use until the early 1990s.

The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, marked the decline and finally the collapse of the Soviet Union. With the retreat of the Russians from the countries behind the Iron Curtain, the remaining Fialka machines were taken back and have subsequently been dismantled or destroyed.

Each country of the Warsaw Pact had its own customized Fialka version, adapted for the local language. This means that each country had its own keyboard and print head. Furthermore, the wiring of the coding wheels was different for each country. The rest was identical.

Most machines were capable of communicating either in Latin or Cyrillic (Russian) writing. Although the Latin alphabet was specific for each country, the Cyrillic alphabet had no punctuation marks and was identical on all machines, making them interoperable when a mutual set of wheels was used.